Sujetos, Objetos y Formas Posesivas
Para comprender como usar "who","whom" y "whose", primero tienes que comprender la diferencia entre sujeto, objeto y formas posesivas.
Sujetos hacen una accion
He loves movies
She goes to school.
We enjoy Chinese food
Los objetos reciben la accion
The teachers like
him
Thomas knows
her.
The actor smiled at
us
Formas posesivas nos dicen la persona a la que algo pertenece.
His bike is broken
I like
her new book
The teacher graded
our homework
"Who" es un sujeto pronominal
"Who" es un sujeto pronominal como "he","she" y "we" en los ejemplos de arriba. Nosotros usamos "who" para preguntar que persona hace la accion o que personas lo realizan de cierto modo.
Ejemplo
Who made the brithday cake?
Who is in the kitchen?
Who is going to do the dishes?
"Whom" es un objeto pronominal
"Whom" es un objeto pronominal como "him","her" y "us". Usamos "whom" para preguntar que persona recibe una accion.
Ejemplo
Whom are you going to invite?
Whom did he blame for the accident?
Whom did he hire to do the job?
"Whose" es un pronombre posesivo
"Whose" es un pronombre posesivo como "his","her" y "our". Usamos "whose" para averiguar a que persona le pertenece algo.
Ejemplo
Whose camera is this?
Whose dog is barking outside?
Whose cellphone keeps ringing?
"Who", "Whom" y "Whose" en preguntas indirectas
Las oraciones de arriba contienen un ejemplo de pregunta indirecta.
I don't know
whom he invited
Tales oraciones usualmente comienzan con una frase tal como "I am not sure" o "He doesn't know" or "We don't care". Solo ignoramos la primera parte de la oracion y miramos la pregunta indirecta para decidir si usamosm "who","whom" o "whose". Preguntate a ti mismo si la pregunta indirecta requiere un sujeto, objeto o forma posesiva.
Ejemplos.
He doesn't know
who the boss of the company is.
SUBJECT OF THE INDIRECT QUESTION
I don't care
whom you invite.
OBJECT OF THE INDIRECT QUESTION
She isn't sure
whose car that is.
"WHOSE" SHOWS POSSESSION OF CAR
"Who","Whom" y "Whose" en clausulas de adjetivo.
I know the man
who won the contest
Las clausulas de adjetivo son usadas para describir un sustantivo en la oracion principal. En el ejemplo de arriba, la clausula de adjetivo nos dice acerca de "el hombre". Solo ignora la oracion principal y mira la clausula de adjetivo al decidir ya sea usar "who","whom" or "whose". Preguntate a ti mismo si la clausula de adjetivo requiere un sujeto, objeto o forma posesiva.
Ejemplos
We knew the actress
who starred in the movie.
SUBJECT OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
They hired the man
whom we interviewed last week.
OBJECT OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
She knew the family
whose house we bought.
"WHOSE" SHOWS POSSESSION OF HOUSE
"Whom" es menos comun
La forma "whom" se esta convirtiendo menos comun en ingles. Muchos nativos hablantes de ingles piensas que "whom" suena extraño. Esta tendencia es particularmente comun en Estados Unidos. Especialmente cuando se combina con preposiciones, la mayoria de personas prefieren usar "who" como el objeto pronominal. Para la mayoria de nativos hablantes de ingles, los ejemplos de abajo suenan bastante natural.
Ejemplos
Who did you come to the party with?
I don't know
who he gave the book to.
That is the woman
who I was talking to.
Who did you get that from?
Do you have any idea
who he sold his car to?
That is the person
who I got the information from.
